For those of us out there who are fascinated by the workings of the body, I imagine that this blog will provide some stimulating food for thought. I read an article recently on the regulation of appetite and body weight, so read on to find out how our bodies might know that it is time to put down the fork.
Hypothalamus
A region of the brain called the hypothalamus is believed to be the main centre in the central nervous system (CNS) for appetite regulation. This incredibly busy control hub interprets and integrates a mind-boggling amount of signals coming from the nerves, as well as hormones and other substances travelling in the blood. It controls food intake and energy expenditure in response to changes in our bodies’ energy balance.
The hypothalamus receives signals that impact on long-term regulation of appetite and body weight mostly via the blood. These signals provide information such as the body’s energy stores, general health and hormonal status. Signals from higher brain centres and hormones from the gut regulate when we might start and finish a meal. There is some evidence to suggest that the hypothalamus may also be able to sense certain nutrients in the blood, too, such as glucose or the break down molecules from fats in the diet.
Leptin
Leptin is a substance that was discovered in 1994. It is released from fat cells and circulates in the blood proportionate to the amount of body fat. The theory is that leptin levels provide a mechanism for the body to know how much energy is stored (as fat) and may help to regulate appetite control.
Insulin
Released from the pancreas, insulin is a hormone most famous for its role in blood sugar regulation. It also appears to play a similar role to leptin and its levels are influenced by the amount of body fat as well. Studies suggest that insulin levels may also influence appetite through signaling the brain.
Look out for my next blog on ways that the gut sends signals to regulate appetite.
References available upon request.
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